youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
GitHub: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/
Gitee Fork: https://gitee.com/whuls/youtube-dl
Home Page: https://yt-dl.org/
前言
这个开源工具触犯到了某些人的利益，所以现在它的主页是这个样子的：
以后会不会有更严重的制裁或者封禁不得而知，不过按照目前的形势，RIAA（美国唱片业协会）利用DMCA（数字千年版权法）对微软收购的GitHub施压，触犯了社区禁忌，着实有点不得人心。
目前来看，这是开源平台这一中间灰色地带受到资本干涉的第一个例子，为表抗议，许多开源社区的用户已经将这个仓库的Fork到其他账户下或者其他平台上，表达对资本的抗议以及对开源软件的保护。
安装youtube-dl（Windows系统）
言归正传，安装youtube-dl可以直接通过官网（ https://yt-dl.org/download.html ），不过出于安全考虑，我在gitee上面备份了一个Windows的发行版，可以直接在whuls/youtube-dl下载exe文件，下载后的exe文件如下所示。
建议为youtube-dl创建单独的文件夹，并将可执行程序（exe）的目录添加到环境变量，便于直接在命令行使用。
此时只需要输入youtube-dl https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vp4y1k7cb之类的命令，就可以直接将B站视频下载到打开命令行的目录下。
youtube-dl的参数说明见文末
安装FFmpeg实现转码
1. 安装FFmpeg
下载后的flv文件无法直接通过Windows自带的视频播放器播放，要么下载FLV播放器，要么将下载后的视频转成mp4等可播放形式。
FFmpeg可以为视频转码提供帮助，在其官网可以直接下载到已经构建好的Windows系统下的可执行程序（下载页面）。
gyan.dev提供了一系列的build版本，根据实际需要选择full、essentials、full-shared版本，如果只是用作B站视频下载，essentials版本即可。
下载完成后将其解压，把bin文件夹添加到环境变量中；打开一个命令行，输入ffmpeg，验证是否成功。
2. 在youtube-dl中使用
youtube-dl提供了一个参数--recode-video FORMAT，可以在下载后自动转码，前提是需要将FFmpeg的可执行程序（exe）添加到环境变量。
优点：一键式处理，便携式操作
缺点：不显示处理过程的输出，且只调用了CPU，FFmpeg丰富的参数无法设置
3. 直接转码
1 | ffmpeg -i "aaa.flv" "aaa.mp4" |
以上命令即可实现视频转码，通过CPU执行转码进程。
4. 调用CUDA
如果电脑上安装了CUDA，可以直接通过以下命令调用GPU实现转码加速
1 | ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -i "aaa.flv" "aaa.mp4" |
查看支持的硬件加速软件列表：
1 | ffmpeg -hwaccels |
附录
1. youtube-dl参数列表
语法：
1 | youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...] |
Options
| Options | Description |
|---|---|
-h, --help |
Print this help text and exit |
--version |
Print program version and exit |
-U, --update |
Update this program to latest version. Make sure that you have sufficient permissions (run with sudo if needed) |
-i, --ignore-errors |
Continue on download errors, for example to skip unavailable videos in a playlist |
--abort-on-error |
Abort downloading of further videos (in the playlist or the command line) if an error occurs |
--dump-user-agent |
Display the current browser identification |
--list-extractors |
List all supported extractors |
--extractor-descriptions |
Output descriptions of all supported extractors |
--force-generic-extractor |
Force extraction to use the generic extractor |
--default-search PREFIX |
Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For example “gvsearch2:” downloads two videos from google videos for youtube-dl “large apple”. Use the value “auto” to let youtube-dl guess (“auto_warning” to emit a warning when guessing). “error” just throws an error. The default value “fixup_error” repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if this is not possible instead of searching. |
--ignore-config |
Do not read configuration files. When given in the global configuration file/etc/youtube-dl.conf: Do not read the user configuration in ~/.config/youtube- dl/config (%APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt on Windows) |
--config-location PATH |
Location of the configuration file; either the path to the config or its containing directory. |
--flat-playlist |
Do not extract the videos of a playlist, only list them. |
--mark-watched |
Mark videos watched (YouTube only) |
--no-mark-watched |
Do not mark videos watched (YouTube only) |
--no-color |
Do not emit color codes in output |
Network Options
| Network Options | Description |
|---|---|
--proxy URL |
Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy. To enable SOCKS proxy, specify a proper scheme. For example socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/. Pass in an empty string (—proxy “”) for direct connection |
--socket-timeout SECONDS |
Time to wait before giving up, in seconds |
--source-address IP |
Client-side IP address to bind to |
-4, --force-ipv4 |
Make all connections via IPv4 |
-6, --force-ipv6 |
Make all connections via IPv6 |
Geo Restriction
| Geo Restriction | Description |
|---|---|
--geo-verification-proxy URL |
Use this proxy to verify the IP address for some geo-restricted sites. The default proxy specified by —proxy (or none, if the option is not present) is used for the actual downloading. |
--geo-bypass |
Bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header |
--no-geo-bypass |
Do not bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header |
--geo-bypass-country CODE |
Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code |
--geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK |
Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided IP block in CIDR notation |
Video Selection
| Video Selection | Description |
|---|---|
--playlist-start NUMBER |
Playlist video to start at (default is 1) |
--playlist-end NUMBER |
Playlist video to end at (default is last) |
--playlist-items ITEM_SPEC |
Playlist video items to download. Specify indices of the videos in the playlist separated by commas like: “—playlist-items 1,2,5,8” if you want to download videos indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can specify range: “—playlist-items 1-3,7,10-13”, it will download the videos at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13. |
--match-title REGEX |
Download only matching titles (regex or caseless sub-string) |
--reject-title REGEX |
Skip download for matching titles (regex or caseless sub-string) |
--max-downloads NUMBER |
Abort after downloading NUMBER files |
--min-filesize SIZE |
Do not download any videos smaller than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) |
--max-filesize SIZE |
Do not download any videos larger than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) |
--date DATE |
Download only videos uploaded in this date |
--datebefore DATE |
Download only videos uploaded on or before this date (i.e. inclusive) |
--dateafter DATE |
Download only videos uploaded on or after this date (i.e. inclusive) |
--min-views COUNT |
Do not download any videos with less than COUNT views |
--max-views COUNT |
Do not download any videos with more than COUNT views |
--match-filter FILTER |
Generic video filter. Specify any key (see the “OUTPUT TEMPLATE” for a list of available keys) to match if the key is present, !key to check if the key is not present, key > NUMBER (like “comment_count > 12”, also works with >=, <, <=, !=, =) to compare against a number, key = ‘LITERAL’ (like “uploader = ‘Mike Smith’”, also works with !=) to match against a string literal and & to require multiple matches. Values which are not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the operator. For example, to only match videos that have been liked more than 100 times and disliked less than 50 times (or the dislike functionality is not available at the given service), but who also have a description, use —match-filter “like_count > 100 & dislike_count <? 50 & description” . |
--no-playlist |
Download only the video, if the URL refers to a video and a playlist. |
--yes-playlist |
Download the playlist, if the URL refers to a video and a playlist. |
--age-limit YEARS |
Download only videos suitable for the given age |
--download-archive FILE |
Download only videos not listed in the archive file. Record the IDs of all downloaded videos in it. |
--include-ads |
Download advertisements as well (experimental) |
Download Options
| Download Options | Description |
|---|---|
-r, --limit-rate RATE |
Maximum download rate in bytes per second(e.g. 50K or 4.2M) |
-R, --retries RETRIES |
Number of retries (default is 10), or”infinite”. |
--fragment-retries RETRIES |
Number of retries for a fragment (default is 10), or “infinite” (DASH, hlsnative and ISM) |
--skip-unavailable-fragments |
Skip unavailable fragments (DASH, hlsnative and ISM) |
--abort-on-unavailable-fragment |
Abort downloading when some fragment is not available |
--keep-fragments |
Keep downloaded fragments on disk after downloading is finished; fragments are erased by default |
--buffer-size SIZE |
Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)(default is 1024) |
--no-resize-buffer |
Do not automatically adjust the buffer size. By default, the buffer size is automatically resized from an initial value of SIZE. |
--http-chunk-size SIZE |
Size of a chunk for chunk-based HTTP downloading (e.g. 10485760 or 10M) (default is disabled). May be useful for bypassing bandwidth throttling imposed by a webserver(experimental) |
--playlist-reverse |
Download playlist videos in reverse order |
--playlist-random |
Download playlist videos in random order |
--xattr-set-filesize |
Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with expected file size |
--hls-prefer-native |
Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg |
--hls-prefer-ffmpeg |
Use ffmpeg instead of the native HLS downloader |
--hls-use-mpegts |
Use the mpegts container for HLS videos, allowing to play the video while downloading (some players may not be able to play it) |
--external-downloader COMMAND |
Use the specified external downloader. Currently supports aria2c,avconv,axel,curl,ffmpeg,httpie,wget |
--external-downloader-args ARGS |
Give these arguments to the external downloader |
Filesystem Options
| Filesystem Options | Description |
|---|---|
-a, --batch-file FILE |
File containing URLs to download (‘-‘ for stdin), one URL per line. Lines starting with ‘#’, ‘;’ or ‘]’ are considered as comments and ignored. |
--id |
Use only video ID in file name |
-o, --output TEMPLATE |
Output filename template, see the “OUTPUT TEMPLATE” for all the info |
--autonumber-start NUMBER |
Specify the start value for %(autonumber)s(default is 1) |
--restrict-filenames |
Restrict filenames to only ASCII characters, and avoid “&” and spaces in filenames |
-w, --no-overwrites |
Do not overwrite files |
-c, --continue |
Force resume of partially downloaded files. By default, youtube-dl will resume downloads if possible. |
--no-continue |
Do not resume partially downloaded files(restart from beginning) |
--no-part |
Do not use .part files - write directly into output file |
--no-mtime |
Do not use the Last-modified header to set the file modification time |
--write-description |
Write video description to a .description file |
--write-info-json |
Write video metadata to a .info.json file |
--write-annotations |
Write video annotations to a.annotations.xml file |
--load-info-json FILE |
JSON file containing the video information(created with the --write-info-json option) |
--cookies FILE |
File to read cookies from and dump cookie jar in |
--cache-dir DIR |
Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl can store some downloaded information permanently. By default $XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl or ~/.cache/youtube-dl. At the moment, only YouTube player files (for videos with obfuscated signatures) are cached, but that may change. |
--no-cache-dir |
Disable filesystem caching |
--rm-cache-dir |
Delete all filesystem cache files |
Thumbnail images
| Thumbnail images | Description |
|---|---|
--write-thumbnail |
Write thumbnail image to disk |
--write-all-thumbnails |
Write all thumbnail image formats to disk |
--list-thumbnails |
Simulate and list all available thumbnail formats |
Verbosity / Simulation Options
| Verbosity / Simulation Options | Description |
|---|---|
-q, --quiet |
Activate quiet mode |
--no-warnings |
Ignore warnings |
-s, --simulate |
Do not download the video and do not write anything to disk |
--skip-download |
Do not download the video |
-g, --get-url |
Simulate, quiet but print URL |
-e, --get-title |
Simulate, quiet but print title |
--get-id |
Simulate, quiet but print id |
--get-thumbnail |
Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL |
--get-description |
Simulate, quiet but print video description |
--get-duration |
Simulate, quiet but print video length |
--get-filename |
Simulate, quiet but print output filename |
--get-format |
Simulate, quiet but print output format |
-j, --dump-json |
Simulate, quiet but print JSON information. See the OUTPUT TEMPLATE for a description of available keys. |
-J, --dump-single-json |
Simulate, quiet but print JSON information for each command-line argument. If the URL refers to a playlist, dump the whole playlist information in a single line. |
--print-json |
Be quiet and print the video information as JSON (video is still being downloaded). |
--newline |
Output progress bar as new lines |
--no-progress |
Do not print progress bar |
--console-title |
Display progress in console titlebar |
-v, --verbose |
Print various debugging information |
--dump-pages |
Print downloaded pages encoded using base64 to debug problems (very verbose) |
--write-pages |
Write downloaded intermediary pages to files in the current directory to debug problems |
--print-traffic |
Display sent and read HTTP traffic |
-C, --call-home |
Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging |
--no-call-home |
Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for debugging |
Workarounds
| FWorkarounds | Description |
|---|---|
--encoding ENCODING |
Force the specified encoding (experimental) |
--no-check-certificate |
Suppress HTTPS certificate validation |
--prefer-insecure |
Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve information about the video. (Currently supported only for YouTube) |
--user-agent UA |
Specify a custom user agent |
--referer URL |
Specify a custom referer, use if the video access is restricted to one domain |
--add-header FIELD:VALUE |
Specify a custom HTTP header and its value, separated by a colon ‘:’. You can use this option multiple times |
--bidi-workaround |
Work around terminals that lack bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv or fribidi executable in PATH |
--sleep-interval SECONDS |
Number of seconds to sleep before each download when used alone or a lower bound of a range for randomized sleep before each download (minimum possible number of seconds to sleep) when used along with —max-sleep-interval. |
--max-sleep-interval SECONDS |
Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep before each download (maximum possible number of seconds to sleep). Must only be used along with —min-sleep-interval. |
Video Format Options
| Video Format Options | Description |
|---|---|
-f, --format FORMAT |
Video format code, see the “FORMAT SELECTION” for all the info |
--all-formats |
Download all available video formats |
--prefer-free-formats |
Prefer free video formats unless a specific one is requested |
-F, --list-formats |
List all available formats of requested videos |
--youtube-skip-dash-manifest |
Do not download the DASH manifests and related data on YouTube videos |
--merge-output-format FORMAT |
If a merge is required (e.g. bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg, webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required |
Subtitle Options
| Subtitle Options | Description |
|---|---|
--write-sub |
Write subtitle file |
--write-auto-sub |
Write automatically generated subtitle file(YouTube only) |
--all-subs |
Download all the available subtitles of the video |
--list-subs |
List all available subtitles for the video |
--sub-format FORMAT |
Subtitle format, accepts formats preference, for example: “srt” or”ass/srt/best” |
--sub-lang LANGS |
Languages of the subtitles to download(optional) separated by commas, use —list- subs for available language tags |
Authentication Options
| Authentication Options | Description |
|---|---|
-u, --username USERNAME |
Login with this account ID |
-p, --password PASSWORD |
Account password. If this option is left out, youtube-dl will ask interactively. |
-2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR |
Two-factor authentication code |
-n, --netrc |
Use .netrc authentication data |
--video-password PASSWORD |
Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku) |
Adobe Pass Options
| Adobe Pass Options | Description |
|---|---|
--ap-mso MSO |
Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV provider) identifier, use —ap-list-mso for a list of available MSOs |
--ap-username USERNAME |
Multiple-system operator account login |
--ap-password PASSWORD |
Multiple-system operator account password. If this option is left out, youtube-dl will ask interactively. |
--ap-list-mso |
List all supported multiple-system operators |
Post-processing Options
| Post-processing Options | Description |
|---|---|
-x, --extract-audio |
Convert video files to audio-only files(requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or avprobe) |
--audio-format FORMAT |
Specify audio format: “best”, “aac”,”flac”, “mp3”, “m4a”, “opus”, “vorbis”, or”wav”; “best” by default; No effect without-x |
--audio-quality QUALITY |
Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse) for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K(default 5) |
--recode-video FORMAT |
Encode the video to another format if necessary (currently supported: mp4 |
--postprocessor-args ARGS |
Give these arguments to the postprocessor |
-k, --keep-video |
Keep the video file on disk after the post- processing; the video is erased by default |
--no-post-overwrites |
Do not overwrite post-processed files; the post-processed files are overwritten by default |
--embed-subs |
Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4, webm and mkv videos) |
--embed-thumbnail |
Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art |
--add-metadata |
Write metadata to the video file |
--metadata-from-title FORMAT |
Parse additional metadata like song title / artist from the video title. The format syntax is the same as --output. Regular expression with named capture groups may also be used. The parsed parameters replace existing values. Example: --metadata-from- title "%(artist)s - %(title)s" matches a title like “Coldplay - Paradise”. Example(regex): --metadata-from-title "(?P<artist>.+?) - (?P<title>.+)" |
--xattrs |
Write metadata to the video file’s xattrs(using dublin core and xdg standards) |
--fixup POLICY |
Automatically correct known faults of the file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the default; fix file if we can, warn otherwise) |
--prefer-avconv |
Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the postprocessors |
--prefer-ffmpeg |
Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the postprocessors (default) |
--ffmpeg-location PATH |
Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; either the path to the binary or its containing directory. |
--exec CMD |
Execute a command on the file after downloading and post-processing, similar to find’s -exec syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {} /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}' |
--convert-subs FORMAT |
Convert the subtitles to other format(currently supported: srt |